依照直接經驗來領會〈心經〉

 

簡繁轉換 - 繁體

林鈺堂

 

般若波羅蜜多心經　　　　　　　　　　唐三藏法師玄奘譯
觀自在菩薩。行深般若波羅蜜多時。照見五蘊皆空。度一切苦厄。舍利子。色不異空。空不異色。色即是空。空即是色。受想行識。亦復如是。舍利子。是諸法空相。不生不滅。不垢不淨。不增不減。是故空中無色。無受想行識。無眼耳鼻舌身意。無色聲香味觸法。無眼界。乃至無意識界。無無明。亦無無明盡。乃至無老死。亦無老死盡。無苦集滅道。無智亦無得。以無所得故。菩提薩埵。依般若波羅蜜多故。心無罣礙。無罣礙故。無有恐怖。遠離顛倒夢想。究竟涅槃。三世諸佛。依般若波羅蜜多故。得阿耨多羅三藐三菩提。故知般若波羅蜜多。是大神咒。是大明咒。是無上咒。是無等等咒。能除一切苦。真實不虛。故說般若波羅蜜多咒。即說咒曰。揭諦揭諦。波羅揭諦。波羅僧揭諦。菩提薩婆訶。

 

一般解說〈心經〉都是用觀念、理論來闡釋。佛法所指只是直接經驗的整體；依照直接經驗來領會〈心經〉，又是如何闡釋呢？謹此提供拙釋於下。

觀自在菩薩。行深般若波羅蜜多時。
觀世音菩薩在以深睿智慧抵達解脫之彼岸時——深睿的智慧，就是不迷執幻化無常的現象，而清晰領會直接經驗整體之毫無變動，從而由隨現象變化而自擾的苦海解脫出來。

照見五蘊皆空。度一切苦厄。
徹底領會五蘊都是一時顯現而無可把捉的現象，因此能夠超越一切苦厄的情境。

舍利子。色不異空。空不異色。色即是空。空即是色。受想行識。亦復如是。
舍利子，形象在直接經驗裡是無從獨立分別的，因為整體都是無從分離，也無從把捉的。所以形象與無從把捉的直接經驗整體，也分不開，也就是一整個。同樣的，在觀念裡分別的所謂「受、想、行、識」，在直接經驗整體裡，也是分不開，一整個。

舍利子。是諸法空相。不生不滅。不垢不淨。不增不減。
舍利子，所有這些東西在直接經驗整體裡，因為都是一時幻化，無從把捉，所以就直接經驗整體來說，並沒有任何真正的生滅、垢淨、增減的差異。

是故空中無色。無受想行識。無眼耳鼻舌身意。無色聲香味觸法。無眼界。乃至無意識界。無無明。亦無無明盡。乃至無老死。亦無老死盡。
所以，從直接經驗整體的從無差異來說，所有佛法理論裡提到的觀念，如：色受想行識，眼耳鼻舌身意，色聲香味觸法，眼界直到意識界，都是虛幻的。還有，十二因緣的「無明」直到「老死」，以及逆行的「老死盡」直到「無明盡」，全是虛幻的。

無苦集滅道。無智亦無得。
所以，從直接經驗整體的從無差異來說，四諦的「苦集滅道」，乃至「智慧」及「得解脫」都是空洞的觀念而已。

以無所得故。菩提薩埵。依般若波羅蜜多故。心無罣礙。
由於在直接經驗整體裡毫無得失，菩薩依據這樣的了悟而達到解脫，所以心中了無執著、牽掛。

無罣礙故。無有恐怖。遠離顛倒夢想。究竟涅槃。
由於了無執著、牽掛，就沒有任何怖畏，並且難有不合實際的妄念，而安住於本來的清明、清淨、安詳。

三世諸佛。依般若波羅蜜多故。得阿耨多羅三藐三菩提。
過去、現在及未來的圓滿證悟者，都是依據這樣的了悟抵達解脫的境界，而證入無上正等正覺。

故知般若波羅蜜多。是大神咒。是大明咒。是無上咒。是無等等咒。能除一切苦。真實不虛。
因此知道，領會直接經驗整體而解脫，是無限大心的要領，是恆住清明的要領，是無能超越的要領，是無可比擬的要領，依之能夠免除一切苦，並且是安住於實際本身的。

故說般若波羅蜜多咒。即說咒曰。揭諦揭諦。波羅揭諦。波羅僧揭諦。菩提薩婆訶。
所以，傳此了悟達解脫之要領，而說：前往，前往，前往解脫，前往已達解脫，圓滿覺悟！

 

二〇二三年九月十七日
養和齋　　　　於加州

Comprehending the Heart Sutra in Light of Direct Experiences

Yutang Lin

 

The Heart of Sublimation through Transcendent Wisdom Sutra
(The Heart Sutra)

From the Chinese translation by Tripitaka Master Reverend Xuan-Zang of Tang Dynasty
Translated into English by Dr. Yutang Lin

Whenever Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara practices deeply sublimation through Transcendent Wisdom, He intuitively perceives that the five aggregates are of Blank Essence, thus transcending all suffering and difficulties. "Sariputra, phenomena are inseparable from Blank Essence, and Blank Essence is inseparable from phenomena; phenomena are identical to Blank Essence, and Blank Essence is identical to phenomena. Feeling, conceptualization, motivation and consciousness are also inseparable from and identical to Blank Essence."

"Sariputra, the characteristics of Blank Essence of all these things are neither born nor deceased, neither dirty nor clean, neither increasing nor decreasing. Therefore, in Blank Essence there are no phenomena, no feeling, conceptualization, motivation, consciousness; no eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, mind; no color, sound, odor, flavor, touch, impression; no eye-species up to and including no perceptual-consciousness-species; no Ignorance and no elimination of Ignorance, up to and including no senility and death and no elimination of senility and death; no suffering, its causes, its transcendence, the path toward its transcendence; no Wisdom and no attainment. Since there is no attainment, by sublimation through Transcendent Wisdom, a Bodhisattva's mind has no attachment. Since there is no attachment, there is no fear. There is freedom from perversive delusions, and Nirvana is realized."

"Buddhas of the past, present and future attain the Unsurpassable Right and Full Enlightenment by sublimation through Transcendent Wisdom. Therefore, sublimation through Transcendent Wisdom is known to be the great wondrous mantra, the great open mantra, the unsurpassable mantra, the no-equal-rank mantra, capable of eliminating all suffering, truthful and without deceit. Hence, the mantra of sublimation through Transcendent Wisdom is to be proclaimed." So, He utters the mantra:
Gate gate paragate parasamgate bodhi svaha

 

Usually, expositions on the Heart Sutra are in terms of concepts and theories. What Dharma is pointing at is simply the totality of direct experiences; to comprehend the Heart Sutra in light of direct experiences, how then could one expound on it? Here I offer my humble exposition in the following.

Whenever Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara practices deeply sublimation through Transcendent Wisdom,
Whenever Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara practices deeply sublimation through Transcendent Wisdom—profound wisdom applied refers to no illusive grasping to phenomena which are evanescent and impermanent, and remaining clearly aware that the totality of direct experiences is not affected in any way, and thereby escape from the ocean of sufferings which is created by one′s following evolution in phenomena to torment oneself.

He intuitively perceives that the five aggregates are of Blank Essence, thus transcending all suffering and difficulties.
Having thoroughly become aware that the five aggregates are phenomena which are evanescent and impossible to grasp, and thus remain transcendent to all situations of sufferings and difficulties.

"Sariputra, phenomena are inseparable from Blank Essence, and Blank Essence is inseparable from phenomena; phenomena are identical to Blank Essence, and Blank Essence is identical to phenomena. Feeling, conceptualization, motivation and consciousness are also inseparable from and identical to Blank Essence."
″Sariputra, all tangible objects in direct experiences cannot be independently distinguished because the totality of direct experiences is inseparable and impossible to grasp. Therefore, phenomena and the totality of direct experiences, which is impossible to grasp, are inseparable and indeed in oneness. Similarly, the so-called ″feeling, conceptualization, motivation and consciousness″ as distinguished by concepts, in the totality of direct experiences, are inseparable and all in oneness. ″

"Sariputra, the characteristics of Blank Essence of all these things are neither born nor deceased, neither dirty nor clean, neither increasing nor decreasing.
″Sariputra, in the totality of direct experiences, all these objects, as they are transient illusions and impossible to grasp, have no genuine differences in born/deceased, dirty/clean and increasing/decreasing to the totality of direct experiences.

Therefore, in Blank Essence there are no phenomena, no feeling, conceptualization, motivation, consciousness; no eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, mind; no color, sound, odor, flavor, touch, impression; no eye-species up to and including no perceptual-consciousness-species; no Ignorance and no elimination of Ignorance, up to and including no senility and death and no elimination of senility and death;
Therefore, from the point of view of there has never been any differences in the totality of direct experiences, all concepts mentioned in theories of Dharma, such as: phenomena, feeling, conceptualization, motivation, consciousness; eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, mind; color, sound, odor, flavor, touch, impression; from eye-species up to and including perceptual-consciousness-species, are all illusive. Furthermore, in the Twelve Links of Dependent Origination, from ″Ignorance″ up to and including ″senility and death″, and in its reversed order, from ″elimination of senility and death″ down to and including ″elimination of Ignorance″, all these concepts are illusive.

no suffering, its causes, its transcendence, the path toward its transcendence; no Wisdom and no attainment.
Therefore, from the point of view of there has never been any differences in the totality of direct experiences, the ″suffering, its causes, its transcendence, the path toward its transcendence″ of the Four Noble Truths and even up to ″Wisdom″ and ″attainment (of emancipation) ″ are all merely empty concepts.
Since there is no attainment, by sublimation through Transcendent Wisdom, a Bodhisattva's mind has no attachment.
Since, in the totality of direct experiences, there is neither gain nor loss, with such comprehension, a Bodhisattva attains emancipation, and consequently, there is no grasping nor attachment in the mind.

Since there is no attachment, there is no fear. There is freedom from perversive delusions, and Nirvana is realized."
Since there is completely no grasping nor attachment, there is no fear, and there are seldom illusive thoughts that are not factual, thus, one abides in the original clarity, purity and tranquility. ″

"Buddhas of the past, present and future attain the Unsurpassable Right and Full Enlightenment by sublimation through Transcendent Wisdom.
″All fully enlightened beings of the past, present and future rely on such comprehension to attain the realm of transcendence and realize the unsurpassable right and full awareness.

Therefore, sublimation through Transcendent Wisdom is known to be the great wondrous mantra, the great open mantra, the unsurpassable mantra, the no-equal-rank mantra, capable of eliminating all suffering, truthful and without deceit.
Hence, it is known that emancipation through realizing the totality of direct experiences is key to boundless great mind, key to permanently abiding in clarity, key to being unsurpassable, and key to being incomparable. And relying on it will enable one to become free from all sufferings and abide in the totality of all experience as they are.

Hence, the mantra of sublimation through Transcendent Wisdom is to be proclaimed." So, He utters the mantra:
Gate gate paragate parasamgate bodhi svaha
Hence, this key of thorough awakening to attain emancipation is hereby transmitted. ″ He then says the key:
Advance, advance, advance toward liberation, advance till liberation attained, fully completed awakening!

 

Written in Chinese on September 17, 2023
Translated into English on September 19, 2023
El Cerrito, California

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